Barbara Thompson is the name of:

• Barbara Thompson (Mormon) (born 1952), American leader in the Relief Society of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
• Barbara Thompson (musician) (born 1944), English jazz saxophonist, flutist and composer
• Barbara Thompson (castaway) (1831-1916), only survivor of the shipwrecked cutter "America"
• Barbara Thompson (Wisconsin politician) (1924-2010), Wisconsin Superintendent of Public Instruction
• Barbara Thompson (baseball) (born 1932), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player for Rockford Peaches

[ Source: Wikipedia ]