Early life

Cartwright was born in Dayton, Ohio, on October 25, 1957, the fourth of Frank and Miriam Cartwright's six children. She grew up in Kettering, Ohio, and discovered her talent for voices at an early age. While in the fourth grade, she won a school-wide speech competition with her performance of Rudyard Kipling's How the Camel Got His Hump. Cartwright attended Fairmont West High School, and participated in the school's theater and marching band. She regularly entered public speaking competitions, placing first in the "Humorous Interpretation" category at the National District Tournament two years running. The judges often suggested to her that she should perform cartoon voices. Cartwright graduated from high school in 1976 and accepted a scholarship from Ohio University. She continued to compete in public speaking competitions; during her sophomore year, she placed fifth in the National Speech Tournament's exposition category with her speech "The Art of Animation".

In 1976, Cartwright landed a part-time job doing voice-overs for commercials on WING radio in Dayton. A representative from Warner Bros. Records visited WING and later sent Cartwright a list of contacts in the animation industry. One of these was Daws Butler, known for voicing characters such as Huckleberry Hound, Snagglepuss, Elroy Jetson and Yogi Bear. Cartwright called him, and left a message in a Cockney accent on his answering machine. Butler immediately called her back and agreed to be her mentor. He mailed her a script and instructed her to send him a tape recording of herself reading it. Once he received the tape, Butler critiqued it and sent her notes. For the next year they continued in this way, completing a new script every few weeks. Cartwright described Butler as "absolutely amazing, always encouraging, always polite".

Cartwright returned to Ohio University for her sophomore year, but transferred to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) so she could be closer to Hollywood and Butler. Her mother, Miriam, died late in the summer of 1978. Cartwright nearly changed her relocation plans but, on September 17, 1978, "joylessly" left for Westwood, Los Angeles.

Career

Early career

While attending UCLA, which did not have a public speaking team, Cartwright continued training as a voice actress with Butler. She recalled, "every Sunday I'd take a 20-minute bus ride to his house in Beverly Hills for a one-hour lesson and be there for four hours ... They had four sons, they didn't have a daughter and I kind of fitted in as the baby of the family." Butler introduced her to many of the voice actors and directors at Hanna-Barbera. After she met the director Gordon Hunt, he asked her to audition for a recurring role as Gloria in Richie Rich. She received the part, and later worked with Hunt on several other projects. At the end of 1980, Cartwright signed with a talent agency and landed a lead role in a pilot for a sitcom called In Trouble. Cartwright described the show as "forgettable, but it jump-started my on-camera career". She graduated from UCLA in 1981 with a degree in theater. During the summer, Cartwright worked with Jonathan Winters as part of an improvisation troupe at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio.

Returning to Los Angeles, Cartwright won the lead role in the television movie Marian Rose White. Janet Maslin, a critic for The New York Times, described Cartwright as "a chubby, lumbering, slightly cross-eyed actress whose naturalness adds greatly to the film's impact". Cartwright replied by sending Maslin a letter insisting she was not cross-eyed, and included a photograph. Later, Cartwright auditioned for the role of Ethel, a girl who becomes trapped in a cartoon world in the third segment of Twilight Zone: The Movie. She met with director Joe Dante and later described him as "a total cartoon buff, and once he took a look at my resume and noticed Daws Butler's name on it, we were off and running, sharing anecdotes about Daws and animation. After about twenty minutes, he said, 'considering your background, I don't see how I could cast anyone but you in this part!'" It was her first role in a feature film. The segment was based on The Twilight Zone television series episode "It's a Good Life", which was later parodied in The Simpsons episode "Treehouse of Horror II" (1992).

Cartwright continued to do voice work for projects including Pound Puppies, Popeye and Son, Snorks, My Little Pony and Saturday Supercade. She joined a "loop group", and recorded vocals for characters in the background of films, although in most cases the sound was turned down so that very little of her voice was heard. She did minor voice-over work for several films, including The Clan of the Cave Bear (1986), Silverado (1985), Sixteen Candles (1984), Back to the Future Part II (1989) and The Color Purple (1985). The most notable of these was a role in Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) as a shoe that was "dipped" in acid. She described it as her first "off-screen death scene", and worked to correctly convey the emotion involved.

Once I had graduated from UCLA, I decided that as long as I was an actress, I was going to find related work in the industry. There were plenty of opportunities. And fortunately I am just pushy enough to find and get myself in touch with those who can provide such opportunities.

—Nancy Cartwright, My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy

In 1985, she auditioned for a guest spot as Cynthia in Cheers. The audition called for her to say her line and walk off the set. Cartwright decided to take a chance on being different and continued walking, leaving the building and returning home. The production crew was confused, but she received the part. In search of more training as an actress, Cartwright joined a class taught by Hollywood coach Milton Katselas. He recommended that Cartwright study La Strada, a 1956 Italian film starring Giulietta Masina and directed by Federico Fellini. She began performing "every imaginable scene" from La strada in her class and spent several months trying to secure the rights to produce a stage adaptation. She visited Italy with the intention of meeting Fellini and requesting his permission in person. Although they never met, Cartwright kept a journal of the trip and later wrote a one-woman play called In Search of Fellini, partially based on her voyage. The play was co-written by Peter Kjenaas, and Cartwright won a Drama-Logue Award after performing it in Los Angeles in 1995. In a 1998 interview, she stated her intention to make it into a feature film.

The Simpsons

	"Eat my shorts" 26-second excerpt of Lisa's Sax in which Bart taunts Principal Skinner
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Cartwright is best known for her role as Bart Simpson on the long-running animated television show The Simpsons. On March 13, 1987, Nancy Cartwright auditioned for a series of animated shorts about a dysfunctional family that was to appear on The Tracey Ullman Show, a sketch comedy program. Cartwright originally intended to audition for the role of Lisa Simpson, the eldest daughter. After arriving at the audition, she found that Lisa was simply described as the middle child and at the time did not have much personality. Cartwright became more interested in the role of Bart, described as "devious, underachieving, school-hating, irreverent, clever". Creator Matt Groening let her try out for Bart, and gave her the job on the spot. Bart's voice came naturally to Cartwright, as she had previously used elements of it in My Little Pony, Snorks, and Pound Puppies. Cartwright describes Bart's voice as easy to perform compared with other characters. The recording of the shorts was often primitive; the dialog was recorded on a portable tape deck in a makeshift studio above the bleachers on the set of the The Tracey Ullman Show. Cartwright, the only cast member to have been professionally trained in voice acting, described the sessions as "great fun". However, she wanted to appear in the live-action sketches and occasionally showed up for recording sessions early, hoping to be noticed by a producer.

In 1989, the shorts were spun off into a half-hour show on the Fox network called The Simpsons. Bart quickly became the show's breakout personality and one of the most celebrated characters on television—his popularity in 1990 and 1991 was known as "Bartmania". Bart was described as "television's brightest new star" by Mike Boone of The Gazette and was named 1990's "entertainer of the year" by Entertainment Weekly. Despite Bart's fame, however, Cartwright remained relatively unknown. During the first season of The Simpsons, Fox ordered Cartwright not to give interviews, because they did not want to publicize the fact that Bart was voiced by a woman. Cartwright's normal speaking voice is said to have "no obvious traces of Bart", and she believes her role is "the best acting job in the world", since she is rarely recognized in public. When she is recognized and asked to perform Bart's voice in front of children, Cartwright refuses because it "freaks out". Bart's catchphrase "Eat My Shorts" was an ad-lib by Cartwright in one of the original table readings, referring to an incident from her high school days. Once while performing, members of the Fairmont West High School marching band switched their chant from the usual "Fairmont West! Fairmont West!" to the irreverent "Eat my shorts!" Cartwright felt it appropriate for Bart, and improvised the line; it became a popular catchphrase on the show.

Cartwright voices several other characters on the show, including Nelson Muntz, Ralph Wiggum, Todd Flanders, Kearney and Database. She first voiced Nelson in the episode "Bart the General" (season one, 1990). The character was to be voiced by Dana Hill, but Hill missed the recording session and Cartwright was given the role. She developed Nelson's voice on the spot and describes him as "a throat-ripper". Ralph Wiggum had originally been voiced by Jo Ann Harris, but Cartwright was assigned to voice the character in "Bart the Murderer" (season three, 1991). Todd Flanders, the only voice for which Cartwright used another source, is based on Sherman (voiced by Walter Tetley), the boy from Peabody's Improbable History, a series of shorts aired on The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show.

Cartwright received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 1992 for her performance as Bart in the episode "Separate Vocations" and an Annie Award in 1995 for Best Voice Acting in the Field of Animation. Bart was named one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century by Time, and in 2000, Bart and the rest of the Simpson family were awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 7021 Hollywood Boulevard.

Until 1998, Cartwright was paid $30,000 per episode. During a pay dispute in 1998, Fox threatened to replace the six main voice actors, and made preparations for casting new actors. The dispute was resolved, however, and Cartwright received $125,000 per episode until 2004, when the voice actors demanded $360,000 an episode. A compromise was reached after a month, and Cartwright's pay rose to $250,000 per episode. Salaries were re-negotiated in 2008 with the voice actors receiving approximately $400,000 per episode. Three years later, with Fox threatening to cancel the series unless production costs were cut, Cartwright and the other cast members accepted a 25 percent pay cut, down to just over $300,000 per episode.

Further career

It is quite a curiosity being a celebrity that nobody knows. I ask you, how many celebrities would you not recognize were they to walk down the street? I can think of no one—besides my fellow cast members and me. The anonymity factor is such a unique aspect of this job. I must admit, sometimes I wish it were different.

—Nancy Cartwright, My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy

In addition to her work on The Simpsons, Cartwright has voiced many other characters on several animated series, including Chuckie Finster in Rugrats and All Grown Up!, Margo Sherman in The Critic, Mindy in Animaniacs and Rufus the naked mole-rat in Kim Possible. For the role of Rufus, Cartwright researched mole-rats extensively, and became "a font of useless trivia". She was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program in 2004 for her work on the show. In 2001, Cartwright took over the Rugrats role of Chuckie Finster when Christine Cavanaugh retired. Cartwright describes Rufus and Chuckie as her two most difficult voices: "Rufus because my diaphragm gets a workout while trying to utilize the 18 vocal sounds a mole makes. Chuckie because ... he's an asthmatic with five personalities rolled into one—plus I have to do the voice the way did it for 10 years." Other television shows that have used her voice work include Galaxy High; God, the Devil and Bob; Goof Troop; Mike, Lu & Og; The Replacements; Pinky and the Brain and Timberwolf. Cartwright has appeared on camera in numerous television shows and films, including Fame, Empty Nest, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Flesh and Blood, Godzilla and 24.

In 2000, Cartwright published her autobiography, My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy. The book details her career (particularly her experiences as the voice of Bart) and contains stories about life behind the scenes of The Simpsons. Laura A. Bischoff of the Dayton Daily News commented that the book was the "ultimate insider's guide to The Simpsons". Critics complained that the book lacked interesting stories and was aimed mostly at fans of The Simpsons rather than a general audience.

Cartwright adapted My Life as a 10-Year-Old Boy into a one-woman play in 2004. Cartwright has performed it at a variety of venues, including the August 2004 Edinburgh Festival Fringe in Scotland. The play received modest reviews, including criticism for a lack of inside stories about The Simpsons, and its "overweeningly upbeat" tone. David Chatterton of The British Theatre Guide described the show as "interesting and entertaining, but not really a 'must see' even for Simpsons fans".

Cartwright has shown an interest in stock car racing and as of 2007 was seeking a NASCAR license. In 2001, she founded a production company called SportsBlast and created an online animated series called The Kellys. The series is focused on racing; Cartwright voices a seven-year-old named Chip Kelly.

Personal life

Cartwright met writer Warren Murphy on her birthday in 1988 and married him two months later. In her book, she describes Murphy as her "personal laugh track". The couple had two children, Lucy and Jack, before divorcing in 2002.

Cartwright was raised a Roman Catholic but joined the Church of Scientology in 1991. She has said that before becoming involved with the church she was depressed that she did not have a "committed relationship", and wanted to get married and have children. She "thought that maybe could find a relationship by going to a church". Cartwright attended a barbecue at a friend's house and noticed that all of the attendees were Scientologists with "thriving careers". Cartwright began reading the works of L. Ron Hubbard and found solace in a chapter about shedding the pain of loss. She said later, "I felt he was talking directly to me, I said to myself, 'I want to stop that feeling.'" Cartwright was awarded Scientology's Patron Laureate Award after she donated $10 million, almost twice her annual salary, to the Church in 2007.

Cartwright actively supports many nonprofit organizations, including Famous Fone Friends, the Make-A-Wish Foundation, and Scientology-related The Way to Happiness Foundation. She is co-founder of "Happy House", a non-profit organization dedicated to building 'better' families and distributing Scientology-based literature, based on The Way to Happiness Foundation and is a contributor to ASIFA-Hollywood's Animation Archive Project. In September 2007, Cartwright received the Make-a-Wish Foundation's Wish Icon Award "for her tremendous dedication to the Foundation's fundraising and wish-fulfillment efforts". In 2005, Cartwright created a scholarship at Fairmont High School "designed to aid Fairmont who dream of following in her footsteps and studying speech, debate, drama or music" at Ohio University. In 2005, Cartwright was given the title of Honorary Mayor of Northridge, California (a neighborhood of Los Angeles) by the Northridge Chamber of Commerce.

In 2007, Cartwright was in a relationship with contractor Stephen Brackett. They planned to get married in spring 2008. Brackett was the President and Treasurer of Brackett Construction in Hollywood, California; the construction company was founded in 1987 and had $8.5 million in sales in 2009. He was a fellow member of Scientology, reaching the Operating Thetan level of OT V in Scientology, in 1989. He died in May 2009. According to The Monterey County Herald, Brackett leaped off the Bixby Creek Bridge in Big Sur, California. Law enforcement stated, "friends and relatives of Brackett said he was despondent because of financial troubles with his business". In September 2010, it was announced Cartwright was being sued by the executives of American Safety Casualty Insurance Company over a policy covering refurbishment work Stephen Brackett failed to finish before his death. The lawsuit sought $260,000 from Cartwright, who the company claims was guarantor for the policy but has refused to cover the expenses. The lawsuit also alleges Brackett diverted contract funds to the Church of Scientology.

In January 2009, Cartwright used Bart's voice in an automated telephone message to Scientologists, inviting them to an event in Hollywood, California. She opened the message in Bart's voice, saying "Yo, what's happenin' man, this is Bart Simpson ", then used her normal voice in most of the remaining message. In a 2000 interview, Cartwright explained that a character's voice is copyrighted and she can use Bart's voice in public but cannot record original dialogue without approval. Al Jean, executive producer of The Simpsons, said that the calls had not been "authorized by us", while The Simpsons creator Matt Groening commented that the issue had been "blown up beyond what was intended".

Filmography

Film

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1983	Twilight Zone: The Movie	Ethel
1985	Heaven Help Us	Girl at dance	Uncredited
1985	Flesh and Blood	Kathleen
1986	My Little Pony: The Movie	Gusty Bushwoolie #4
1987	The Chipmunk Adventure	Arabian Prince
1988	Pound Puppies and the Legend of Big Paw	Bright Eyes
1988	Yellow Pages	Stephanie	Titled Going Underground in US
1988	Who Framed Roger Rabbit	Dipped Toon Shoe	Uncredited
1989	Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland	Page
1989	The Little Mermaid	Additional voices
1992	Petal to the Metal	Fawn Deer	Short film
1998	Godzilla	Caiman's secretary
1998	The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story	Additional voices	Direct-to-video release
1998	The Land Before Time VI: The Secret of Saurus Rock	Dana	Direct-to-video release
1999	Wakko's Wish	Mindy	Direct-to-video release
2001	Timberwolf	Earl Squirrel	Direct-to-video release
2003	Rugrats Go Wild	Chuckie Finster
2003	Kim Possible: The Secret Files	Rufus	Direct-to-DVD release
2006	Leroy & Stitch	Phantasmo: Experiment 375 Shortstuff: Experiment 297	TV Movie, Direct-to-DVD release
2007	The Simpsons Movie	Bart Simpson Various characters
2013	I Know That Voice	Herself	Documentary

Television

Year	Series	Role	Notes
1980	The Richie Rich/Scooby-Doo Show	Gloria Patterson
1980-1984	Fat Albert	Additional characters
1980-1984	Richie Rich	Gloria Glad
1981	Skokie	Unnamed character	TV film; uncredited
1982	Marian Rose White	Marian Rose White	TV film
	The Rules of Marriage	Jill Murray	TV film
	Tucker's Witch	Holly	Episode 1.5: "Terminal Case"
1983	Deadly Lessons	Libby Dean	TV film
	Monchhichis	Additional voice
1983, 1984	Fame	Muffin	Episode 2.23: "UN Week" and 3.9: "Secrets"
1983-1985	Shirt Tales	Kip Kangaroo	Season Two Episodes
1983-1988	Alvin and the Chipmunks	Additional voices	Appeared in 59 episodes
1984-1985	Saturday Supercade	Kimberly	Space Ace segments
1984-1988	Snorks	Daffney Gilphin
1984, 1985, 1994	ABC Weekend Special	Karen Winsborrow Wally Funnybunny	Appeared in three episodes
1985	Not My Kid	Jean	TV film
	Cheers	Cynthia	Episode 4.5: "Diane's Nightmare"
1986	Bridges to Cross	Unnamed character	Episode "Memories of Molly"
	Galaxy High School	"Flat" Freddy Fender Gilda Gossip	Appeared in all 13 episodes
1986-1987	My Little Pony 'n Friends	Various characters
	Pound Puppies	Bright Eyes Additional Voices	Appeared in 26 episodes
1987	Popeye and Son	Woody
	Our House	Unnamed character	Episode 1.22: "Growing Up, Growing Old"
	Mr. Belvedere	Gwen	Episode 4.1: "The Initiation"
	Christmas Every Day	The Little Girl	TV film
1987-1989	The Tracey Ullman Show	Bart Simpson	The Simpsons shorts
1988-1990	Fantastic Max	FX
1989	Dink, the Little Dinosaur	Additional voices
	TV 101	Melinda	Episode 1.5: "On the Road"
	Empty Nest	Ann	Episode 1.13: "Tears of a Clown"
1989-present	The Simpsons	Bart Simpson Various characters	Longest-running role
1990	Bobby's World	Natalie	Episode 1.3: "Adventures in Bobby Sitting"
	42nd Primetime Emmy Awards	Bart Simpson	TV special
1991	Big Bird's Birthday Celebration	Bart Simpson	TV special
1992	Raw Toonage	Fawn Dear	Appeared in all 12 episodes
1992-1993	Goof Troop	Pistol Pete	Appeared in 55 episodes
1992, 2002-2004	Rugrats	Junk Food Kid Chuckie Finster	Episode 2.4: "Showdown at Teeter-Totter Gulch/Mirrorland" Replaced Christine Cavanaugh in main role until the end of the series
1993	The Pink Panther	Additional voices
	Precious Victims	Ruth Potter	TV film
	Animaniacs	Mindy Additional voices
	Problem Child	Betsy
	Bonkers	Fawn Deer	Appeared in three episodes
	A Goof Troop Christmas	Pistol Pete
1994	Aladdin	The Sprites
1994-1995	The Critic	Margo Sherman Various characters	Appeared in all 23 episodes
1995	The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air	Ruby Jillette	Episode 5.21: "Save the Last Trance for Me"
	The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat	Additional voices
	Timon & Pumbaa	Pumbaa Jr.	Episode 1.3: "Never Everglades/The Laughing Hyenas: Cooked Goose"
	Baywatch Nights	Frances O'Reilly	Episode 1.6: "976 Ways to Say I Love You"
1996	Vows of Deception	Terry	TV film
	Sesame Street	Bart Simpson	Episode 28.1: "Maria in the Hospital: Part 1"
	Suddenly	Dell	TV film
1998	Toonsylvania	Melissa Screetch
1998	Pinky and the Brain	Mindy	Episode 4.9: "Star Warners"
1998-1999	Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain	Rudy Mookich	Appeared in 25 episodes
1999	The Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot	Additional voices
	Futurama	Bart Simpson doll	Episode 1.8: "A Big Piece of Garbage"
1999-2000	Mike, Lu & Og	Lu
2000	God, the Devil and Bob	Megan Allman	Appeared in all 13 episodes
2002	Rapsittie Street Kids: Believe in Santa	Todd	TV film
2002-2007	Kim Possible	Rufus	87 episodes
2003	Kim Possible: A Sitch in Time	Rufus	TV film
2003, 2004, 2005	Lilo & Stitch	Phantasmo: Experiment 375 Shortstuff: Experiment 297 Rufus	Episode 1.2: "Phantasmo: Experiment 375" Episode 1.29: "Short Stuff: Experiment 297" "Episode 2.20: "Rufus: Experiment #607"
2003-2007	All Grown Up!	Chuckie Finster
2004-2008	Groovy Girls	Oki, Kyle
2005	Kim Possible Movie: So the Drama	Rufus	TV film
	Family Guy	Daffney	Episode 4.7: "Brian the Bachelor"
	The Kellys	Chip Kelly
2005-2010	The Zula Patrol	Zeeter
2006-2009	The Replacements	Todd Daring
2007	Random! Cartoons	Chum Chum, Kid #1	Episode 1.23: "Fanboy"
	24	Jeannie Tyler	Episode 6.11: "Day 6: 4:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m"
	Disney Channel Games	Todd	TV miniseries
2007-2010	Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures	Billy
2010	The Cleveland Show	Bart Simpson	Episode 2.2: "Cleveland Live!"
	The Simpsons 20th Anniversary Special - In 3-D! On Ice!	Herself Bart Simpson	TV special
2012	FOX 25th Anniversary Special	Bart Simpson	TV special
2013	American Dad!	Bart Simpson	Episode 9.7: Faking Bad
2014	Family Guy	Bart Simpson	Episode 13.1: "The Simpsons Guy"
2014	The 7D	Goldilocks	Episode 7b: "Goldilocks and the 7D"

Video games

Year	Game	Role
1991	The Simpsons	Bart Simpson
1991	The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants	Bart Simpson
1992	The Simpsons: Bart's Nightmare	Bart Simpson
1995	TerraTopia	Piper
1996	The Simpsons: Cartoon Studio	Bart Simpson, Various characters
1997	The Simpsons: Virtual Springfield	Bart Simpson, Various characters
1998	Putt-Putt Enters the Race	Putt-Putt
1999	Simpsons Bowling	Bart Simpson, Various characters
2000	Putt-Putt Joins the Circus	Putt-Putt
2000	102 Dalmatians: Puppies to the Rescue	Fidget the Squirrel
2001	The Simpsons Wrestling	Bart Simpson
2001	The Simpsons: Road Rage	Bart Simpson, Various characters
2002	Rugrats: Royal Ransom	Chuckie Finster
2002	The Simpsons Skateboarding	Bart Simpson, Various characters
2003	The Simpsons: Hit & Run	Bart Simpson, Various characters
2004	Disney's Kim Possible 2: Drakken's Demise	Rufus
2007	The Simpsons Game	Bart Simpson, Various characters
2012	The Simpsons: Tapped Out	Bart Simpson, Various characters

Music videos

Year	Song	Role	Artist
1990	"Do the Bartman"	Bart Simpson	Herself

Theme park

Year	Ride	Role
2008	The Simpsons Ride	Bart Simpson, Various characters

Awards

Year	Award	Category	Role	Series	Result	Ref.
1992	Emmy Award	Outstanding Voice-Over Performance	Bart Simpson	The Simpsons: "Separate Vocations"	Won
1995	Annie Award	Outstanding Voice Acting in the Field of Animation	Bart Simpson	The Simpsons	Won
1995	Drama-Logue Award	—	—	In Search of Fellini	Won
2004	Emmy Award	Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program	Rufus	Kim Possible	Nominated

[ Source: Wikipedia ]