Early life

Robinson was born in Waukegan, Illinois, but moved to Southern California as a child.

In 1974, he earned a B.A. in literature from the University of California, San Diego. In 1975, he earned an M.A. in English from Boston University.

Career

In 1978 Robinson moved to Davis, California to take a break from his graduate studies at UC San Diego. During this time he worked as a bookseller for Orpheus Books. He also taught freshman composition and other courses at University of California, Davis.

In 1982 Robinson earned a Ph.D. in English from the UC San Diego. His initial Ph.D. advisor was literary critic Fredric Jameson, who told Robinson to read works by Philip K. Dick. Jameson described Dick to Robinson as "the greatest living American writer." Robinson's doctoral thesis, The Novels of Philip K. Dick, was published in 1984 and a hardcover version was published by UMI Research Press.

In 2008, Time Magazine named Robinson a "Hero of the Environment" for his optimistic focus on the future.

In 2009, Robinson was an instructor at the Clarion Workshop. In 2010, he was the guest of honor at the 68th World Science Fiction Convention, held in Melbourne, Australia. In April 2011, Robinson presented at the second annual Rethinking Capitalism conference, held at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Among other points made, his talk addressed the cyclical nature of capitalism.

Robinson was appointed Muir Environmental Fellow in 2011 by the John Muir College, University College San Diego.

Major themes

Nature and culture

Sheldon Brown described Robinson's novels as ways to explore how nature and culture continuously reformulate one another: The Southern California trilogy as California in the future; Washington DC undergoing the impact of climate change in the Science in the Capitol series; or Mars as a standin for Earth in the Mars Trilogy to think about re-engineering on a global scale, both social and natural conditions.

Ecological sustainability

Virtually all of Robinson's novels have an ecological component; sustainability is one of his primary themes. (A strong contender for the primary theme would be the nature of a plausible utopia.) The Orange County trilogy is about the way in which the technological intersects with the natural, highlighting the importance of keeping the two in balance. In the Mars trilogy, one of the principal divisions among the population of Mars is based on dissenting views on terraforming; it is heavily debated whether or not the seemingly barren Martian landscape has a similar ecological or spiritual value to a living ecosphere like Earth's. Forty Signs of Rain has an entirely ecological thrust, taking global warming for its principal subject.

Economic and social justice

Robinson's work often explores alternatives to modern capitalism. In the Mars trilogy, it is argued that capitalism is an outgrowth of feudalism, which could be replaced in the future by a more democratic economic system. Worker ownership and cooperatives figure prominently in Green Mars and Blue Mars as a replacement for traditional corporations. The Orange County trilogy explores similar arrangements; Pacific Edge includes the idea of attacking the legal framework behind corporate domination to promote social egalitarianism. Tim Kreider writes in the New Yorker that Robinson may be our greatest political novelist and describes how Robinson uses the Mars trilogy as a template for a credible utopia.

Robinson's work often portrays characters struggling to preserve and enhance the world around them in an environment characterized by individualism and entrepreneurialism, often facing the political and economic authoritarianism of corporate power acting within this environment. Robinson has been described as anti-capitalist, and his work often portrays a form of frontier capitalism that promotes equalitarian ideals that closely resemble socialist systems, and faced with a capitalism that is staunched by entrenched hegemonic corporations. In particular, his Martian Constitution draws upon social democratic ideals explicitly emphasizing a community-participation element in political and economic life.

Robinson's works often portray the worlds of tomorrow as in a similar way to the mythologized American Western frontier, showing a sentimental affection for the freedom and wildness of the frontier. This aesthetic includes a preoccupation with competing models of political and economic organization.

The environmental, economic, and social themes in Robinson's oeuvre stand in marked contrast to the libertarian science fiction prevalent in much of science fiction (Robert A. Heinlein, Poul Anderson, Larry Niven, and Jerry Pournelle being prominent examples), and his work has been called the most successful attempt to reach a mass audience with a left-wing libertarian and anti-capitalist utopian vision since Ursula K. Le Guin's 1974 novel, The Dispossessed.

Scientists as citizens

Robinson's work often features scientists as heroes. They are portrayed in a mundane way compared to most work featuring scientists: rather than being adventurers or action heroes, Robinson's scientists become critically important because of research discoveries, networking and collaboration with other scientists, political lobbying, or becoming public figures. Robinson captures the joy of scientists as they work at something they care about.The Mars trilogy and The Years of Rice and Salt rely heavily on the idea that scientists must take responsibility for ensuring public understanding and responsible use of their discoveries. Robinson's scientists often emerge as the best people to direct public policy on important environmental and technological questions, on which politicians are often ignorant.

Awards

Year	Award	Title
1984	World Fantasy Award for Best Novella	"Black Air"
1984	Science Fiction Chronicle Readers Poll-novella	"Black Air"
1985	Locus Award for Best First Novel	The Wild Shore
1988	Nebula Award for Best Novella	"The Blind Geometer"
1988	Asimov's Reader Poll Novella	"Mother Goddess of the World"
1991	John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel	Pacific Edge
1991	Locus Award for Best Novella	"A Short, Sharp Shock"
1992	Science Fiction Chronicle Readers Poll Short Fiction	"Vinland the Dream"
1993	BSFA Award for Best Novel	Red Mars
1994	Hugo Award for Best Novel	Green Mars
1994	Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel	Green Mars
1994	Nebula Award for Best Novel	Red Mars
1997	Hugo Award for Best Novel	Blue Mars
1997	Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel	Blue Mars
1997	Ignotus Award-foreign novel	Red Mars
1998	Ignotus Award-foreign novel	Green Mars
1998	Prix Ozone SF novel, foreign	Blue Mars
1999	Seiun Awards foreign novel	Red Mars
2000	Locus Awards Best Collection	The Martians
2003	Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel	The Years of Rice and Salt
2013	Nebula Award for Best Novel	2312
2016	Robert A. Heinlein Award	"for outstanding published works in science fiction and technical writings to inspire the human exploration of space."

Personal life

In 1982, Robinson married Lisa Howland Nowell, an environmental chemist. They have two sons. Robinson has lived in Washington, D.C., California, and during some of the 1980s, in Switzerland. He now lives in Davis, California.

Robinson has described himself as an avid backpacker with the Sierra Nevada serving as his home range and a big influence on how he sees the world.

Bibliography

Main article: Kim Stanley Robinson bibliography

[ Source: Wikipedia ]