Edna Mae Durbin (December 4, 1921 - April 20, 2013), known professionally as Deanna Durbin, was a Canadian actress and singer, who appeared in musical films in the 1930s and 1940s. With the technical skill and vocal range of a legitimate lyric soprano, she performed everything from popular standards to operatic arias.

Durbin made her first film appearance with Judy Garland in Every Sunday (1936), and subsequently signed a contract with Universal Studios. Her success as the ideal teenage daughter in films such as Three Smart Girls (1936) was credited with saving the studio from bankruptcy. In 1938, at the age of 17, Durbin was awarded the Academy Juvenile Award.

As she matured Durbin grew dissatisfied with the girl-next-door roles assigned to her, and attempted to portray a more womanly and sophisticated style. The film noir Christmas Holiday (1944) and the whodunit Lady on a Train (1945) were, however, not as well received as her musical-comedies and romances had been. Durbin retired from acting and singing in 1949, and withdrew from public life. She married film producer-director Charles Henri David in 1950, and the couple moved to a farmhouse near Paris.

Early life

Edna Mae Durbin was born on December 4, 1921 at Grace Hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, the daughter of James Allen Durbin and his wife Ada (née Read), who were originally from Manchester, England. When she was an infant, her family moved from Winnipeg to southern California, and her parents reportedly became United States citizens. At the age of one, Edna Mae was singing children's songs. By the time she was ten, her parents recognized that she had definite talent and enrolled her in voice lessons at the Ralph Thomas Academy. Durbin soon became Thomas' prize pupil, and he showcased her talent at various local clubs and churches.

In early 1935, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was planning a biographical film on the life of opera star Ernestine Schumann-Heink and was having difficulty finding an actress to play the young opera singer. MGM casting director Rufus LeMaire heard about a talented young soloist performing with the Ralph Thomas Academy, and called her in for an audition. Durbin sang "Il Bacio" for the studio's vocal coach who was stunned by her "mature soprano" voice. She sang the number again for Louis B. Mayer who signed her to a six-month contract.

Career

Durbin made her first film appearance in a short subject, Every Sunday (1936), with another young contract player, Judy Garland. The film served as an extended screen test for the pair as studio executives were questioning the wisdom of having two female singers on the roster. Ultimately Louis B. Mayer decided that both girls would be kept, but by the time that decision was made, Durbin's contract option had elapsed.

Durbin was quickly signed to a contract with Universal Studios, where she was given the professional name Deanna. She was 14 years old when she made her first feature-length film, Three Smart Girls (1936). When producer Joe Pasternak was casting the film, he wanted to borrow Garland from MGM, but Garland was not available at the time. When Pasternak learned that Durbin was no longer with MGM, he cast her in the film instead. Three Smart Girls was an immediate success and established Durbin as a star. With Pasternak producing for Universal, Durbin went on to star in a string of successful musical films, including One Hundred Men and a Girl (1937), Mad About Music (1938), That Certain Age (1938), Three Smart Girls Grow Up (1939), and First Love (1939)—most of which were directed by Henry Koster.

During the 1930s, Durbin continued to pursue singing projects. In 1936, she auditioned to provide the vocals for Snow White in Disney's animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, but was ultimately rejected by Walt Disney, who declared the 15-year-old Durbin's voice "too old" for the part.

In late 1936, Cesar Sturani, the General Music Secretary of the Metropolitan Opera, offered Durbin an audition. She turned down his request because she felt she needed more singing lessons. Andrés de Segurola, who was the vocal coach working with Universal Studios—himself a former Metropolitan Opera singer—believed that Durbin had an excellent opportunity to become an opera star. De Segurola had been commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera to watch her progress carefully and keep them advised. Also in 1936, Durbin started a collaboration with Eddie Cantor, which lasted until 1938 when her heavy workload for Universal forced her to discontinue her weekly radio show appearances.

The huge success of Durbin's films was reported to have saved Universal from bankruptcy. In 1938 she received a special Academy Juvenile Award, along with Mickey Rooney. Her producer, Joe Pasternak, later commented on her extraordinary talent:

Deanna's genius had to be unfolded, but it was hers and hers alone, always has been, always will be, and no one can take credit for discovering her. You can't hide that kind of light under a bushel. You just can't, no matter how hard you try!

In the early 1940s, Durbin continued her string of successful films with It's a Date (1940), Spring Parade (1940), Nice Girl? (1941), and It Started with Eve (1941), her last film with Pasternak and director Henry Koster. After Pasternak moved from Universal to MGM, Durbin went on suspension between October 16, 1941 and early February 1942 for refusing to appear in They Lived Alone, scheduled to be directed by Koster. Ultimately, the project was canceled when Durbin and Universal settled their differences. In the agreement, Universal conceded to Durbin the approval of her directors, stories and songs.

Following the two sequels to her first film Three Smart Girls, Durbin issued a press release announcing that she was no longer inclined to participate in these team efforts and was now performing as a solo artist. The Three Smart Girls Join Up title was changed to Hers to Hold (1943). Joseph Cotten, who played alongside Durbin in the film, praised her integrity and character in his autobiography. In 1943, Durbin took on a more sophisticated role in the World War II story of refugee children from China, The Amazing Mrs. Holliday. Additional adult roles followed, including the film noir Christmas Holiday (1944), directed by Robert Siodmak, and the whodunit Lady on a Train (1945).

While these adult dramatic roles may have been more satisfying for Durbin, her substantial fan base preferred her in light musical confections, such as Can't Help Singing (1944), her only Technicolor film, which featured some of the last melodies written by Jerome Kern plus lyrics by E. Y. Harburg. A musical comedy in a Western setting, this production was filmed mostly on location in southern Utah and co-starred Robert Paige.

In 1946, Universal merged with two other companies to create Universal-International. The new regime discontinued much of Universal's familiar product and scheduled only a few musicals. She stayed on for another four pictures: I'll Be Yours (1947), Something in the Wind (1947), Up in Central Park (1948), and For the Love of Mary (1948).

In 1946, Durbin was the second highest paid woman in the United States, just behind Bette Davis, and in 1947 she was the top-salaried woman in the United States. Her fan club ranked as the world's largest during her active years.

By 1948, however, her box-office clout began to diminish. In private life, Durbin continued to use her given name, Edna; salary figures printed annually by the Hollywood trade publications listed the actress as "Edna Mae Durbin, player". On August 22, 1948, two months after completing her final film, Universal-International announced a lawsuit which sought to collect from Durbin $87,083 in wages the studio had paid her in advance. Durbin settled the complaint amicably by agreeing to star in three more pictures, including one to be shot on location in Paris. Ultimately, the studio would allow Deanna's contract to expire on August 31, 1949, so the three films were never made.

Durbin, who obtained a $200,000 ($1,989,091 in 2015), severance payment chose at this point to retire from movies. Her former producer Joe Pasternak tried to dissuade her, but she told him: "I can't run around being a Little Miss Fix-It who bursts into song—the highest-paid star with the poorest material."

Personal life

Durbin married an assistant director, Vaughn Paul, in 1941; the couple divorced in 1943. Her second marriage, to film writer-producer-actor Felix Jackson in 1945, produced a daughter, Jessica Louise Jackson, but a divorce followed in 1949. In Paris on December 21, 1950, shortly after her 29th birthday, Durbin married Charles David, the producer-director of both French and American pictures who had guided her through Lady on a Train (1945). Durbin and David raised two children: Jessica (from her second marriage, to Felix Jackson) and Peter (from her union with David).

Over the years, Durbin resisted numerous offers to perform again. In 1951, Durbin was invited to play in London's West End production of Kiss Me Kate, and in the MGM film version of the same in 1953, and Sigmund Romberg's operetta The Student Prince in 1954, and was reportedly Alan Jay Lerner's first choice to portray Eliza Doolittle in the 1956 Broadway cast of My Fair Lady.

In 1983, film historian David Shipman was granted a rare interview by Durbin. In the interview, she steadfastly asserted her right to privacy and maintained it until the end of her life, declining to be profiled on websites.

Durbin made it known that she did not like the Hollywood studio system. She emphasized that she never identified herself with the public image that the media created around her. She spoke of the Deanna "persona" in the third person, and considered the film character "Deanna Durbin" to be a by-product of her youth and not her true identity.

Durbin's husband of more than 48 years, Charles David, died in Paris on March 1, 1999. On April 30, 2013, a newsletter published by the Deanna Durbin Society reported that Durbin had died "in the past few days", quoting her son, Peter H. David, who thanked her admirers for respecting her privacy. No other details were given. According to a family friend, Durbin died on or about April 20 in Neauphle-le-Château, France.

Legacy

• Deanna Durbin has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1722 Vine Street. She left her hand and footprints in front of the Grauman's Chinese Theatre on February 7, 1938.
• Frank Tashlin's Warner Bros. cartoon The Woods Are Full of Cuckoos (1937) contains an avian caricature of Deanna Durbin called "Deanna Terrapin".
• An unnamed caricature of Durbin also appeared in the Warner Brother's cartoon "Malibu Beach Party" (1940).
• Durbin's name found its way into the introduction to a song written by satirical writer Tom Lehrer in 1965. Prior to singing "Whatever Became of Hubert?", Lehrer said that Vice President Hubert Humphrey had been relegated to "those where-are-they-now columns: Whatever became of Deanna Durbin, and Hubert Humphrey, and so on."
• She is referenced in Richard Brautigan's novel Trout Fishing in America (1967), when the narrator claims to have seen one of her movies seven times, but can't recall which one.
• Durbin figures prominently in the 1963 Ray Bradbury short story The Anthem Sprinters (collected in The Machineries of Joy).
• Russian cellist/conductor Mstislav Rostropovich in a mid-1980s interview cited Durbin as one of his most important musical influences, stating: "She helped me in my discovery of myself. You have no idea of the smelly old movie houses I patronized to see Deanna Durbin. I tried to create the very best in my music, to try and recreate, to approach her purity."
• Indian-Bengali film director, Satyajit Ray, in his acceptance speech for an Oscar (Honorary - Lifetime Achievement) in 1992, mentioned Deanna Durbin as the only one of the three cinema personalities he recalled writing to when young who had acknowledged his fan letter with a reply. (The other two were Ginger Rogers and Billy Wilder.)
• Durbin was well known in Winnipeg, Manitoba (her place of birth), as "Winnipeg's Golden Girl" (a reference to one of the city's most famous landmarks, the statue Golden Boy atop the Manitoba Legislative Building).

Filmography

Discography

Between December 15, 1936 and July 22, 1947, Deanna Durbin recorded 50 tunes for Decca Records. While often re-creating her movie songs for commercial release, Durbin also covered independent standards, like "Kiss Me Again", "My Hero", "Annie Laurie", "Poor Butterfly", "Love's Old Sweet Song" and "God Bless America".

• "Alice Blue Gown"
• "Alleluia" (from 100 Men and a Girl)
• "Always" (from Christmas Holiday)
• "Adeste Fideles"
• "Amapola" (from First Love)
• "Annie Laurie"
• "Any Moment Now" (from Can't Help Singing)
• "Ave Maria" (from Mad About Music)
• "Ave Maria" (from It's a Date)
• "Be a Good Scout" (from That Certain Age)
• "Because" (from Three Smart Girls Grow Up)
• "Begin the Beguine" (from Hers to Hold)
• "Beneath the Lights of Home" (from Nice Girl)
• "The Blue Danube" (from Spring Parade)
• "Brahms' Lullaby" (from I'll Be Yours)
• "Brindisi" ("Libiamo ne' lieti calici)" (from 100 Men and a Girl)
• "Californ-I-Ay"
• "Can't Help Singing" (from Can't Help Singing)
• "Carmena Waltz"
• "Chapel Bells" (from Mad About Music)
• "Cielito Lindo" ("Beautiful Heaven)"
• "Ciribiribin"
• "Clavelitos" (from It Started with Eve)
• "Danny Boy" (from Because of Him)
• "Embraceable You"
• "Every Sunday" (with Judy Garland)
• "Filles de Cadiz" ("The Maids of Cadiz") (from That Certain Age)
• "Gimme a Little Kiss, Will Ya, Huh?" (from Lady on a Train)
• "God Bless America"
• "Goin' Home" (from It Started With Eve)
• "Goodbye" (from Because of Him)
• "Granada" (from I'll Be Yours)
• "A Heart That's Free" (from 100 Men and a Girl)
• "Home! Sweet Home!" (from First Love)
• "Il Bacio" ("The Kiss") (from Three Smart Girls)
• "I'll Follow My Sweet Heart"
• "I'll Take You Home Again Kathleen" (from For the Love of Mary)
• "I'll See You In My Dreams"
• "I Love to Whistle" (from Mad About Music)
• "(I'm) Happy Go Lucky and Free" (from Something in the Wind)
• "(I'm) Happy Go Lucky and Free" (from Something in the Wind)
• "In the Spirit of the Moment" (from His Butler's Sister)
• "Italian Street Song"
• "It's a Big, Wide, Wonderful World" (from For the Love Of Mary)
• "It's Dreamtime" (from I'll Be Yours)
• "It's Foolish But It's Fun" (from Spring Parade)
• "It's Only Love" (from Something In The Wind)
• "It's Raining Sunbeams" (from 100 Men and a Girl)
• "Invitation to the Dance" (from Three Smart Girls Grow Up)
• "Je Veux Vivre" ( Roméo et Juliette) (from That Certain Age)
• "Kiss Me Again"
• "La Estrellita" ("Little Star)"
• "Largo Al Factotum" (The Barber of Seville) (from For the Love of Mary)
• "The Last Rose of Summer" (from Three Smart Girls Grow Up)
• "Loch Lomond" (from It's a Date)
• "Love at Last" (from Nice Girl)
• "Love is All" (from It's a Date)
• "Lover" (from Because of Him)
• "Love's Old Sweet Song"
• "Make Believe"
• "Mighty Like a Rose" (from "The Amazing Mrs. Halliday")
• "Molly Malone"
• "More and More" (from Can't Help Singing)
• "More and More/Can't Help Singing" (from Can`t Help Singing)
• "Musetta's Waltz" (La bohème) (from It's a Date)
• "My Heart is Singing" (from Three Smart Girls Grow Up)
• "My Hero"
• "My Own" (from That Certain Age)
• "Nessun Dorma" (Turandot) (from His Butler's Sister)
• "Never in a Million Years/ Make Believe"
• "Night and Day" (from Lady on a Train)
• "O Come All Ye Faithful"
• "Old Folks at Home" (from Nice Girl)
• "The Old Refrain" (from The Amazing Mrs. Holiday)
• "On Moonlight Bay" (from For The Love Of Mary)
• "One Fine Day" (Madama Butterfly) (from First Love)
• "One Night of Love"
• "Pace, Pace, Mio Dio" (La forza del destino) (from Up In Central Park)
• "Pale Hands I Loved" (Kashmiri Song) (from Hers to Hold)
• "Perhaps" (from Nice Girl)
• "Poor Butterfly"
• "The Prince"
• "Russian Medley" (from His Butler's Sister)
• "Sari Waltz (Love's Own Sweet Song)" (from I'll Be Yours)
• "Say a Pray'r for the Boys Over There" (from Hers to Hold)
• "Seal It With a Kiss"
• "Seguidilla (Carmen) (from Hers to Hold)
• "Serenade to the Stars" (from Mad About Music)
• "Silent Night" (from Lady on a Train)
• "Someone to Care for Me" (from Three Smart Girls)
• "Something in the Wind" (from Something in the Wind)
• "Spring in My Heart" (from First Love)
• "Spring Will Be a Little Late This Year" (from Christmas Holiday)
• "Swanee - Old Folks at Home" (from Nice Girl)
• "Summertime" (Porgy And Bess)
• "Sweetheart"
• "Thank You America" (from Nice Girl)
• "There'll Always Be An England" (from Nice Girl)
• "The Turntable Song" (from Something in the Wind)
• "Two Guitars" (from His Butler's Sister)
• "Two Hearts"
• "Un bel di vedremo" (Madama Butterfly) (from First Love)
• "Viennese Waltz" (from For The Love Of Mary)
• "Vissi d'arte (Tosca) (from The Amazing Mrs. Holiday)
• "Waltzing in the Clouds" (from Spring Parade)
• "When April Sings" (from Spring Parade)
• "When I Sing" (from It Started with Eve)
• "When the Roses Bloom Again"
• "When You're Away" (from His Butler's Sister)
• "You Wanna Keep Your Baby Looking Nice, Don't You" (from Something in the Wind)
• "You're as Pretty as a Picture" (from That Certain Age)

Radio appearances

[ Source: Wikipedia ]